https://tinagroeger.com/home daily 1.0 2025-06-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593027432368-P7TRZGSFN8JW5FD7RIZJ/Groeger+author+photo.jpg Home - Cristina Viviana Groeger is a historian of work, education, and migration in the United States and Associate Professor of History at Lake Forest College. I am interested in how labor markets are constructed and how they in turn structure social inequality. My first book, The Education Trap: Schools and the Remaking of Inequality in Boston, explores the shift to school-based job training in the early twentieth century and how this shift turned education into a new basis for reproducing economic inequality. My second project, Latina Migrants and the Remaking of Chicagoland Manufacturing, explores the making of a new contingent, undocumented, Latine, and feminized manufacturing workforce in post-industrial Chicago. Contact me at: groeger@lakeforest.edu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1602013088544-CDFNPJ18PZAGWBEK0E46/BookCoverFlush.png Home https://tinagroeger.com/about daily 0.75 2025-08-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593030761179-SCU9UGH3LFSVCDUKJT5P/TreeBark.jpg About https://tinagroeger.com/-cv daily 0.75 2025-04-27 https://tinagroeger.com/educationtrap daily 0.75 2025-06-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1602014649847-9C1YEM39MIBVTJX8E7NA/BookCoverFlush.png Book https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1623350366562-PWQ34VPBVS9DQV3S4L4L/GBH+forum.jpeg Book - June 23rd Boston Public Library / WGBH Forum Network 6pm EST with Hilary Moss View recording here https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1633040540158-TNLYQCERFMSJZWVMZFWY/northeastern+ed+dept.jpeg Book - Feb. 16, 2022 “Facing Savage Inequalities” Speaker Series - Northeastern University 12pm ET https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1614701967292-YEHXYAE6IZ729KA5X67J/1536578_1587531821472425_3991504772779911825_n.jpg Book - April 22, 2021 Labor & Working-Class History Association 7pm EST View Recording here https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1614701990353-KR217YYTKP7ZE2GO7HA2/pilsen%252Bcommunity%252Bbooks.jpg Book - May 18th Pilsen Community Books 7pm CST with Jon Shelton View Recording here https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1618790012588-BVOGS1U09TL3231TKSOA/MHS.jpg Book - June 14 Massachusetts Historical Society 5:30pm EST with Michael Glass View Recording here https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1633040424252-2V13CJNE8V1EQA5AVSKA/TC.jpg Book - Oct. 21, 2021 History and Education Colloquium - Teachers College, Columbia University 5:30pm ET https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1614701955379-ONDFZUFEOMT1GR7K9U31/University-of-Massachusetts-Top-30-Most-Affordable-MasterE28099s-in-Educational-Psychology-Online-Programs-2019-500x500.jpg Book - April 13, 2021 UMass Boston 3pm EST with Tara Parker and Nick Juravich View Recording here https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1615392364416-NLHNNDA8RZAO1U8HK9J0/March+2021+Virtual+Event+Covers+%28FB_WaPo%29+%2818%29.png Book - March 12, 2021 Harvard Book Store 12pm EST with Nick Juravich View Recording here https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1614701978539-2RY6XXNXNSQI73SBQZKF/The%2525252BEducation%2525252BTrap%2525252Bfor%2525252BIG%2525252B%25252525281%2525252529.jpg Book - April 23, 2021 Harvard Graduate School of Education 12pm EST with Tony Jack and Eddie Cole View Recording here https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1614702002789-IR3S33HOP0XYNPDB6U9P/logo.jpg Book - May 25th History of Education Society Book Club 7pm-9pm EST https://tinagroeger.com/educationtrap-data daily 0.75 2021-03-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593046018276-EAGIVMRWHLM8M60C586B/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-06-24%2Bat%2B7.46.23%2BPM.jpg Data https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593370205817-A93ILYLDCSU0YMHOCAI8/Joseph%25252BKendall%25252B1880.jpg Data https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593045894395-3DLU72EOROT0VDKRPQH3/Figure%2B4_8%2BWomen%2BDay%2BHigh.jpg Data https://tinagroeger.com/educationtrap-bibliography daily 0.75 2021-02-23 https://tinagroeger.com/teaching daily 0.75 2025-04-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1595085125954-SR3REDPW26E5EGJX8554/Casa%2BAztlan%2Bstretched%2B2.jpg Teaching Casa Aztlan in Pilsen, Chicago, by Seth Anderson, licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 This 1970s mural by Ray Patlan was painted over in 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593106718410-0TQZZZXFYQCBKQCG17DO/Redline%252BMap%252BChicago.jpg Teaching Home Owners Loan Corporation Security Map, Chicago, 1940, digitized by Mapping Inequality, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1595088204904-YFHFWSPBHX26XGYWQ4GS/Womens_liberation_movement.jpg Teaching Women's Liberation supporters of the Black Panther Party, New Haven, 1969, by Linda Napikoski, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1595090024986-DDXFD7H2UG8VQKWNL4AG/North%2BWall.jpg Teaching Detroit Industry, North Wall, 1932-1933, fresco by Diego Rivera at the Detroit Institute of Arts Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1595088276608-EGUC9GXCFYD6U5KVZGI7/US_Marshals_with_Young_Ruby_Bridges_on_School_Steps.jpg Teaching U.S. Marshals escort Ruby Bridges to school, New Orleans, 1960, uncredited Department of Justice photographer https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/371b8c42-1d29-42fb-a92e-12dec146c738/3261953789_cc710caaa5_o.jpg Teaching - Make it stand out Ellis Island, photo by Gerson Galang, Attribution-NoDerivs (CC BY-ND 2.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/a7b47425-6c2a-49b9-9cd5-fed2a035438c/mexican-farm-workers-who-have-been-accepted-for-farm-labor-in-the-us-through-b0580e.jpg Teaching - Make it stand out Mexican Farm Workers, Historical File of the Office of Information, Department of Agriculture, National Archives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/9a4c1256-93a9-4547-a765-d0b528399c1f/map-showing-the-distribution-of-the-slave-population-of-the-southern-states-1024.jpg Teaching - Make it stand out Distribution of the Slave Population, Census of 1860, Library of Congress https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/a6d68f06-efd9-4c99-be3b-8232baea628d/Protest.jpeg Teaching - Make it stand out Paula Scher's mural at the National Center for Civil and Human Rights in Atlanta, GA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593108423657-MST0PDTI7W3BAO3XMOFH/robber%2Bbaron.jpg Teaching “The Condition of the Laboring Man at Pullman,” Chicago Labor, July 7, 1894 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1595088153107-4CJV440IY80QY61L15I2/College%252Bstudents.jpg Teaching University of California 1938, by Dorothea Lange, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, FSA/OWI Collection, LC-USF34-018326-D https://tinagroeger.com/educationtrap-using-data daily 0.75 2021-03-02 https://tinagroeger.com/educationtrap-charts daily 0.75 2021-01-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593210082358-C29GTIH7RKG68FYJHPPM/CCicon.png Charts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593208622088-UIY9R7LXPH7UB0EI4DTC/Figure+1_2+Boston+in+1880.png Charts - Map of Boston in 1880 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593807046651-FY0KKNZTT5UYK1ONZB8C/Figure+2_2+Women+Wage+Earners.png Charts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593806843565-FG5UGK9VH4WMX71WQ2DI/Figure+1_1+Workforce+Participation.png Charts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593807021037-TJMFNR4T2QF5CYN31WR3/Figure+2_1+Men+Wage+Earners.png Charts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593807074554-WYO7DWILCS4Q91MKKD0V/Figure+2_3+Boston+Race+Ethnicity.png Charts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593807498884-53NMV7JCH5TFHQMW8NKN/Figure+4_2+Largest+Sectors+Men.png Charts Figure 4.2 Largest Sectors of the Men’s Workforce, Boston, 1880-1940 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593807469794-3I87146BD2L0RUV39RVB/Figure+4_1+Largest+Sectors+Women.png Charts Figure 4.1 Largest Sectors of the Women’s Workforce, Boston, 1880-1940 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593807345744-2XI93357QVPFX58KESCR/Figure+3_1+Three+Industries.png Charts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593807385139-3VB82LFMUJDWVUN07MKB/Figure+3_2+Unionized.png Charts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593807121450-L9MFJA56V0JWZWSN2L25/Figure+2_4+Overrep+Domestic.png Charts Figure 2.4 Overrepresentation by Race and Ethnicity of Women Domestic Workers, Boston, 1880-1940 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593807529721-OKEGGHXVKHSK0A2SM9NU/Figure+4_3+Overrep+Women+clerical.png Charts Figure 4.3 Overrepresentation by Ethnicity of Women Clerical Workers, Boston, 1880-1930 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593808282735-MWTY034F9UH107V52KGM/Figure+4_4+Overrep+Men+Clerical.png Charts Figure 4.4 Overrepresentation by Ethnicity of Men Clerical Workers, Boston, 1880-1930 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593809337879-C4O12Z9RO9OA0XXMAZ40/Figure+5_1+Overrep+Teachers.png Charts Figure 5.1 Overrepresentation by Ethnicity of Women Teachers in Boston, 1880-1930 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593809549536-GW4K86WBP87GKUJPEIZ4/Figure+6_1+Overrep+Managers.png Charts Figure 6.1 Overrepresentation by Ethnicity of Male Owners and Managers in Boston, 1880-1930 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593811716079-MY3T1TVPGZ19SL6DY7UM/Figure%2B4_5%2BFeminization.jpg Charts Figure 4.5 Women as a Percentage of White-Collar Workers in Boston, 1880-1930 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593809490212-CM57V8AGLC0LIOBJW0C0/Figure+5_4+Overrep+Lawyers.png Charts Figure 5.4 Overrepresentation by Ethnicity of Male Lawyers in Boston, 1880-1930 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593807140281-CL3UTEU21HZKD2VO3IKU/Figure+2_5+Attendance+Class.png Charts Figure 2.5 School Attendance of 14-16-year-olds by Father’s Occupation, Boston, 1880-1940 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593807249646-D2OFFNM9JYAI77UHROL8/Figure+2_6+Attendance+Race.png Charts Figure 2.6 School Attendance of 14-18-Year-Old Children of Laborers and Service Workers by Race and Birthplace, Boston, 1880-1940 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593808855885-XDC3ZTS2DDNF5QXEUNCB/Figure+4_6+Women+Evening.png Charts Figure 4.6 Women’s Evening Public High School Enrollment by Course, Boston, 1913-1940 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593808904609-USA7GTKUCH7OPOGCJAU4/Figure+4_7+Men+Evening.png Charts Figure 4.7 Men’s Evening Public High School Enrollment by Course, Boston, 1913-1940 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593812421911-56K9RD0FMKVTRI31HVUJ/Figure+4_9+Men+Day+High.png Charts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593812396254-7GXQVW36A9UJH08FVR0T/Figure+4_8+Women+Day+High.png Charts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593809439956-LTEIPLKW86W17DSPAWG1/Figure+5_3+Law+Schools.png Charts Figure 5.3 Enrollment in Boston-Area Law Schools, 1880-1930 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593809397212-6Z1EANF1G3XJL6EIPE6J/Figure+5_2+Collegiate+Enrollment.png Charts Figure 5.2 Men and Women’s Enrollment in Boston-Area Colleges by Bachelor-Degree Type, 1880-1930 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ef1fd444e77df552c946d7c/1593809288626-3M0KR4YD7NY1CVJFS084/Figure+4_10+Commercial+Enrollment.png Charts Figure 4.10 Enrollment in Day Business/Commercial Programs by School Type, Boston, 1880-1930 https://tinagroeger.com/educationtrap-codebook daily 0.75 2021-01-18